GNY07D - Decoding


Chip and Dale have devised an encryption method to hide their (written) text messages. They first agree secretly on two numbers that will be used as the number of rows (R) and columns (C) in a matrix. The sender encodes an intermediate format using the following rules:

  1. The text is formed with uppercase letters [A-Z] and .
  2. Each text character will be represented by decimal values as follows:

    = 0, A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, ..., Y = 25, Z = 26

The sender enters the 5 digit binary representation of the characters’ values in a spiral pattern along the matrix as shown below. The matrix is padded out with zeroes (0) to fill the matrix completely. For example, if the text to encode is: "ACM" and R=4 and C=4, the matrix would be filled in as follows:

A = 00001, C = 00011, M = 01101
         (one extra 0)

The bits in the matrix are then concatenated together in row major order and sent to the receiver. The example above would be encoded as: 0000110100101100

Input

The first line of input contains a single integer N, (1 ≤ N ≤ 1000) which is the number of datasets that follow.

Each dataset consists of a single line of input containing R (1<=R<=20), a space, C (1<=C<=20), a space, and a string of binary digits that represents the contents of the matrix (R * C binary digits). The binary digits are in row major order.

Output

For each dataset, you should generate one line of output with the following values: The dataset number as a decimal integer (start counting at one), a space, and the decoded text message. You should throw away any trailing spaces and/or partial characters found while decoding.

Example

Input:
4
4 4 0000110100101100
5 2 0110000010
2 6 010000001001
5 5 0100001000011010110000010

Output:
1 ACM
2 HI
3 HI
4 HI HO

hide comments
thiefthief: 2020-04-09 13:35:21

AC first chance
Nice problem.....

nares_agarwal: 2018-02-25 18:11:04

For checking trailing spaces test cases are
4
5 5 0100001000011010110000000
5 5 0000001000011010110000010
5 5 0100001000000000000000010
5 5 0100000000000000000000000

nares_agarwal: 2018-02-25 18:08:22

Getting WA due to not throwing away all trailing spaces and not printing dataset number.
After correcting, my code has been accepted.

yogesh97: 2017-11-27 16:58:39

0 is for space
1 for A
...

gaurav_jain21: 2016-12-08 18:28:48

Involves ds manipulation.
Enjoyed solving it!

hasan2013: 2016-03-21 18:43:00

nice one !

minhthai: 2016-03-06 09:43:35

nice!

levim: 2016-01-16 00:45:27

Nice problem! Enjoyed solving this

Prasath: 2014-06-23 12:37:52

my 50th :)

Mahavir Chopra: 2013-01-25 12:15:13

please provide some test cases wrking for above but giving WA


Added by:Marco Gallotta
Date:2008-03-11
Time limit:19.86s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: ERL JS-RHINO NODEJS PERL6 VB.NET
Resource:ACM Greater New York Regionals 2007