ABSP1 - abs(a-b) I

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Recently Mr. Kopa Samsu is learning programming. On a very renowned online judge, he found a problem:

You are given an array of N numbers in non-decreasing order. You have to answer the summation of the absolute difference of all distinct pairs in the given array.

Do you know what distinct pair means? Suppose you have an array of 3 elements: 3 5 6

Then all the distinct pairs are:

3 5
3 6
5 6

For this problem, Mr. Kopa Samsu implemented an algorithm to find the summation of the absolute difference of all distinct pairs. His algorithm was:

int ABS(int a[], int n)
{
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n ;i++)
    {
        for (int j = i + 1; j <= n; j++)
        {
            sum += abs(a[i] - a[j]);
        }
    }
}

After a great hard work, he finished the code. But alas!!! Frustration came around him when he submitted his code, the judge gave the verdict “TLE” (Time Limit Exceeded). “How can I get rid of TLE?” he thought a lot but couldn't find any way. Then suddenly, he remembered about you that you (his friend) is very good at programming. So, he came to you seeking your help. Can you help him solving this problem?

Input

The input data set starts with an integer T (T ≤ 1000), the number of test cases. Then every test case starts with a integer N (N ≤ 10000), the number of elements in the array. After that, the next line contains N integers A[i], where 1 ≤ i ≤ N and 1 ≤ A[i] ≤ 1000000000 and A[i] ≤ A[i+1].

Output

Every test case should output an integer “X”, where X is the summation of the absolute difference of all the distinct pair.

Example

Input:
3
3
1 2 3
3
1 4 5
3
2 4 6

Output:
4
8
8

Problem Set: S.M. Shaheen Sha, Raihat Zaman Neloy

Data Set & Solution: Raihat Zamane Neloy


hide comments
anirudnits: 2018-07-20 21:19:31

don't trust spoj toolkit for this one

sktibrewal: 2018-03-29 21:26:20

Distinct pairs don't mean different nos, it means different index. costed me 1 WA :(

singlasahil221: 2017-07-21 07:23:06

AC IN ONE GO.

themast3r: 2017-06-16 06:56:43

Very easy question. Just try to think of it in terms of Mathematics.

rishabhm123: 2017-06-01 23:21:46

i used o(1) memory.
o(n) time..similar formula as used by others(may be i think so.. as logic is simple)
still 0.15 s in cpp14
Can anyone help me out

rohit9934: 2017-05-08 12:38:08

use long long,otherwise WA

amalik123: 2017-03-23 10:12:25

just observe the pattern...........

nilabja16180: 2017-03-22 15:51:26

Its all about observation, 1 line of logic!

vunnamtej: 2017-03-10 18:17:36

thanks for your comment http://www.spoj.com/users/nonushikhar
"index wise distinct not numerically"

Last edit: 2017-03-10 18:19:47
da_201501181: 2017-03-04 12:14:39

Great..Question..!! It's all about Observation..!


Added by:Raihat Zaman Neloy
Date:2014-01-25
Time limit:1s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: ASM64