AGS - Aritho-geometric Series (AGS)

Arithmetic and geometric progressions are 2 of the well known progressions in maths.

Arithmetic progression (AP) is a set in which the difference between 2 consecutive numbers is constant. For example: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9... In this series the difference between 2 numbers is 2.

Geometric progression (GP) is a set in which the ratio of 2 consecutive numbers is the same. For example: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16... In this the ratio of the numbers is 2.

What if there is a series in which we multiply a(n) by 'r' to get a(n+1) and then add 'd' to a(n+1) to get a(n+2)?

For example: let's say d = 1 and r = 2 and a(1) = 1, the series would be 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 22, 23, 46, 47, 94, 95, 190...

We add d to a(1) and then multiply a(2) with r and so on.

Your task is, given 'a', 'd' and 'r' to find the a(n) term.

since the numbers can be very large, you are required to print the numbers modulo 'mod' - mod will be supplied in the test case.

Input

First line of input will have number 't' indicating the number of test cases.

Each of the test cases will have 2 lines. The first line will have 3 numbers 'a', 'd' and 'r'. The second line will have 2 numbers 'n' and 'mod'.

a = first term of the AGS.

d = the difference element.

r = the ratio element.

n = nth term required to be found.

mod = need to print the result modulo mod

Output

For each test case print "a(n) % mod" in a separate line.

Example

Input:
2
1 1 2
13 7
2 2 2
10 8

Output:
1
6

Explanation

For the first test case the series is 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 22, 23, 46, 47, 94, 95, 190..., the 13th term is 190, and 190 % 7 = 1.

Notes

The value of a, d, r, n and mod will be less than 108 and more than 0.

For every series, the second term will be a+d and third term will be (a+d)*r, and so on.


Added by:Devil D
Date:2012-03-09
Time limit:1s
Source limit:10000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: ASM64
Resource:Own

hide comments
2013-03-02 04:29:08 Utkarsh Shahdeo
AC :)

Last edit: 2013-06-06 11:16:22
2013-02-07 18:33:57 Atul Vaibhav
any typical test case please. Getting WA!
2013-02-01 07:22:10 Mukul Jindal
Getting WA in the 5th case, can anyone suggest something where I am going wrong?
2013-01-19 21:08:48 yaswanth
I am getting WA at 5th case.
plz check my soln
<snip>


Last edit: 2022-07-14 22:07:13
2013-01-15 07:15:54 Ritam Shukla
Nice problem this! :)
2012-12-22 19:41:01 Paul Draper
@15972125841321, solution probably cannot depend on modular multiplicative inverses existing.
2012-09-27 09:56:21 adhikari vushesh babu
@Devil D:please tell where is my code going wrong,it is showing correct answer in ideone 7732287
2012-09-19 13:04:21 Abhishek Modi
@Devil I m getting wa in judge5 plz check my sol

id:7680062
2012-07-10 14:02:14 StupidGuy
WA...Anyone got suggestions?
included case for R = 1, but still WA..

Last edit: 2012-07-11 09:08:26
2012-07-03 13:36:04 15972125841321
can we assume gcd(r-1,mod)==1 :P ??

got A.C :D
try not to go for a solution involving both mod and division...

Last edit: 2012-07-03 16:12:19
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